1) Introduction to Mechanical Drawings and GD&T (.8 CEUs)

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This is a preliminary course to Intermediate GD&T for those who may not possess a solid foundation in blue print reading.  It helps to understand the basic components, sections, views, terminology and graphical representation of an engineering drawing.  Any prior training in the visual inspection of components and assemblies would be helpful but is not required.

Course Topics:

  • Background to Engineering Drawing Development
  • Overview of Related Engineering Standards
  • Review of Applicable Terms and Definitions
  • Evaluation of Engineering Drawing Components
    • Line Types
    • Dimensions (baseline, chainline, coordinate, basic and reference)
    • Tolerances (linear, angular, bilateral, unilateral)
    • Symbols
    • Title Block
    • Notes (general & specific)
  • Review of Basic Drafting Conventions
    • Third Angle Projection -vs- First Angle Projection
    • Isometric Views
    • Orthographic Views
    • Section Views
    • Detail Views
  • Evaluation of Generic Sample
  • Multiple Exercises to Reinforce Views, Projections and Drafting Practices

2) GD&T – Intermediate Principles (1.6 CEUs)

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This is the starting point for understanding GD&T.  It provides a critical and simplified foundation in fundamental lessons in proper interpretation of engineering drawings used in the design, manufacture and inspection of parts, which have geometric controls applied per ANSI / ASME and other national standards.

Course Topics:

  • Introduction to Theory and Rules
    • Rule 1 on features of size
    • Rules 2 & 3 on material condition principles (MMC, LMC & RFS)
    • Comparison of changes between standards
  • Linear Transformation to GD&T
    • Implications of +/- tolerancing
    • Conversion of square zone to diametral
  • Datums and Datum Features
    • Datum precedence
    • Planar datum features
    • Datum features of size
    • Inclined datums
    • Partial datum features
  • 14 Geometric Symbols
    • Analysis of symbols and definitions
    • Analysis of tolerance zones
    • Actual mating envelope
    • Supporting symbology
  • Feature Control Frames
    • Single segment feature control frames
    • Introduction to composite feature control frames
    • 2D analysis of single segment feature control frames
    • Virtual condition principles
    • Beginning levels of 3D analysis
  • Analysis of Measurement Applications
    • Negative implications of specific measurement procedures
    • Analysis of data from case studies and formula calculations
    • Position calculation exercises and review of general guidelines
  • Global Simplification of GD&T
    • GD&T boundary comparisons
    • Reduction of symbology (14 symbols down to 3 symbols)

3) GD&T – Advanced Applications (1.6 CEU)

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This course provides advanced information in applications and analysis (per ASME Y14.5 and ASME Y14.5.1) involving optimization strategies for given design applications, manufacturing methodologies and measurement implications.

Course Topics:

  • In-Depth Analysis & Implications of Advanced Y14.5 Principles
    • MMC, LMC and RFS applied to datum features of size
    • Multiple feature patterns used to define a single datum
    • Negative implications of using “non-functional” surfaces as datum features
    • 3D analysis of composite position callouts, in relationship to multiple hole patterns defined as a single datum
    • Calculations for determining allowable position tolerance for floating and fixed fastener designs
    • Positioning holes and patterns of holes at “zero tolerance” for optimizing manufacturability and critical cost reductions
    • Positioning coaxial cylinders from independent datum features -vs- to each other and defined as compound datum features
    • Surface roughness implications to features of size and form constraints
  • Optimization Strategies in Applications & Analysis of Design, Manufacturing and Measurement
    • Analysis and discussion of common error implications of dimensioning and tolerancing of tooling and functional gaging, based on product designs
    • Evaluate negative implications of common incorrect measurement procedures on coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) and discuss procedures to resolve / minimize problems
    • Review and analyze “your” engineering drawings and identify areas of negative financial implications, address questions to provide clarification/direction and make recommendations to optimize design intent and achieve maximum ROI
  • Advanced Tolerancing Development within Y14.5
    • 3D Complex Profile Geometry and Tolerance Boundaries used with & without datums
  • GD&T Implications to Corporate Six-Sigma Initiatives and Product Reliability

4) Introduction to Dimensional Metrology Workshop* (1.6 CEUs)

Understanding How Measurement Works 101 – the 1st in a series of workshops where GD&T and Precision Dimensional Measurement come to life. Hands-on Training for your Inspectors, Machinists, Engineers.

This hands-on companion course to Intermediate GD&T provides insight to fundamental measurement error sources and to learn how to use shop level measurement equipment.  To provide insight on how to test the calibration on instruments using precision artifacts to ensure gages do not drift from their original calibration and induce an undesirable bias.  Students will also be introduced how to analyze the repeatability and reproducibility of measurement instruments (GR&R).

Course Topics:

  • Introduction to Measurement
    • Measurement error sources
  • Precision Hand Tools and Hard Gaging
    • Micrometers, calipers, indicators, pin & ring gages, thread gages
  • Bench Top Measurement Instruments
    • Height gages, bore gages, fixed gages and laser micrometers
  • Surface and Form Instruments
    • Profilometers, contour measurement roundness and cylindricity systems
  • Optical Measurement Systems
    • Optical comparators and toolmakers microscopes
  • Methods for Analyzing and Interpreting Data Results
    • Introduction to Gage Repeatability & Reproducibility (GR&R)

In each subject group an overview of the tools is followed by a demonstration of best application practices and a discussion of calibration issues and measurement uncertainty factors. Each subject session is concluded with a hands-on lab activity. When practical, customer parts will be utilized during this seminar to provide the greatest understanding of measurement technology applicable to customer parts.

* Note: Class size in Workshops is limited due to the direct hands-on training involved. Limiting the number of participants allows us to maximize the amount of time each student will be able to have hands-on utilization of the measurement instruments.

5) Applied Dimensional Metrology Workshop* (1.6 CEUs)

Understanding How Measurement Works 201 – the 2nd in a series of workshops where GD&T and Precision Dimensional Measurement come to life.  Hands-on Training for your Inspectors, Machinists, Engineers.

This hands-on companion to Advanced GD&T provides intermediate and advanced applications and analysis.  Learn to use 2D and 3D measurement instruments to determine full compliance to mechanical drawings. Gain insight to key error influences that significantly impact measurement results.  Learn how to optimize measurement programs to effectively reduce measurement error/bias. Develop and Implement methods for reporting results and assuring that the system can sustain valid results.

Course Topics:

  • 3D Measurement
    • Traceability of measurement to national laboratories
    • Limitations of 1D and 2D measurements
    • Understanding key error influences, how to test and correct
  • Single Sensor and Multi-Sensor Coordinate Measuring Machines
    • Video sensors, laser sensors, interferometers, confocal, structured light, focus variation, contact probes and micro probes
    • Manual & automatic (DCC) CMMs, single point touch sensors, scanning sensors and measuring arms
    • 3D surface and form instruments
    • Introduction to traceable artifacts and value of interim artifact testing
  • Methods for analyzing and interpreting data results (2D & 3D)
    • Working with CAD and measurement data (point clouds)
    • Analytical software – strengths & weaknesses (CMM Manager, Colin 3D, eCAD, Geomagic, MarForm, MarSurf, MeasureFit, MeasureMind 3D, Measure-X, Polyworks, SmartFit 3D, SmartProfile, Verisurf, VMS, and Zone3 Software)
    • Understanding least-squares -vs- Minimum zone fitting
    • Understanding criticality of simultaneous requirements within the standards (ASME, ISO, other)
  • Reporting results
    • Advanced applications of GR&R applied to Position and Profile
    • Implementing a process to report and view results
    • System to sustain valid results

In each subject group an overview of the tools is followed by a demonstration of best application practices and a discussion of calibration issues and measurement uncertainty factors. Each subject session is concluded with a hands-on lab activity. When practical, customer parts will be utilized during this seminar to provide the greatest understanding of measurement technology applicable to customer parts.

* Note: Class size in Workshops is limited due to the direct hands-on training involved. Limiting the number of participants allows us to maximize the amount of time each student will be able to have hands-on utilization of the measurement instruments.

6) Tolerancing Optimization & Analysis (1.6 CEUs)

This advanced course provides an understanding of tolerancing optimization using multiple analytical methods and tolerance analysis techniques to a wide variety of components and sub-assemblies, from the very simple to the more complex situations commonly faced in industry today.

Course Topics:

  • Tolerancing Optimization
    • Create tolerance stack-up analysis for both plus/minus toleranced dimensions and geometric tolerances
    • Calculating boundaries using MMC, LMC and RFS Material Condition modifiers and apply transformation principles to different tolerancing scenarios to ensure optimal design intent
    • Analysis using single-segment and composite feature control frames using Position and Profile
  • Intermediate Concepts of Tolerance Analysis
    • Derived inner and outer boundaries using floating and fixed fastener formulas
    • Create number charts for stack-up analysis using a variety of geometric tolerances, basic dimensions, resultant conditions, virtual conditions and plus and minus toleranced dimensions
    • Calculate the effects of angular stack-up contributors
    • Calculate minimum and maximum gaps for assemblies
    • Do stack-up analysis for floating and fixed fastener situations for various applications
    • Analysis and implications of different datum reference frames and implications of form errors in the analysis
  • Advanced Concepts of Tolerance Analysis
    • Understand vector-loop analysis and monte-carlo simulations

7) Measurement Uncertainty (1.6 CEUs)

This advanced course provides a foundational understanding of measurement uncertainty per the ASME B89.7.2 Standard on “Guidelines for the Evaluation of Dimensional Measurement Uncertainty.” To solidify fundamental to intermediate information in interpretation, application and analysis of measurement uncertainty using multiple measurement instruments and sensors to determine compliance to mechanical drawing requirements; To understand the strengths and weaknesses of the GR&R approach and a total assessment of measurement uncertainty.

Course Topics:

  • Understand conventional Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility studies and describe the strengths and weaknesses of the GRR approach and a total assessment of measurement uncertainty
    • Complete a process demonstrating a full analysis of measurement capability including the role of a GR&R within that analysis
    • Evaluate implications on measuring for conformance -vs- measuring for development or process understanding -vs- process monitoring
  • Understand the role of ASME B89.7.3.2 in the development of a measurement uncertainty management program
    • Understand the definition of the “measurand” and the associated “validity conditions”
    • Understand decision rules for accepting and rejecting inspected parts
    • Understand process capability measures and their interaction with gage capability measures
    • Understand rules and procedures for tolerance to uncertainty ratios
  • Understand sources of uncertainty common to frequently used measurement devices: precision hand tools (1D), video sensors (2D), touch trigger probes and scanning probes (3D)
    • Develop a measurement uncertainty budget for the sensors described above including the interaction of environmental, part, set-up, point density, fitting algorithm, operator effects, etc.
  • Understand the process for continual improvement in reducing measurement uncertainty sources to acceptable levels and maintaining those levels

8) GD&T Interpretation for the Supply Chain

This NEW course introduces and explores opportunities to optimize part manufacturing in the supply chain.  Focus is on specific examples of implementation – process development, control and improvement to achieve compliant parts at the lowest cost.  Attention is given to decision points in risk management, including confidence levels in process output and measurement, as well as guard banding.  Distinction is made between the needs of the supplier and the customer. Supplier needs include internal control and improvement. Customer needs include compliance to design specification. Satisfaction of both of these needs requires highly confident measurement.  However, each of them benefits from different analysis of the same data. This course is infused with a lifetime of real-world experiences in all aspects of design, manufacturing & metrology brought to life by Dr. Greg Hetland.

Executive Overview

This seminar is for management who must provide corporate leadership and guidance of the implementation of GD&T within their organization.  It provides business level insight to all management levels of the technical challenges and business level implications of GD&T and measurement. It provides direct insight to the implications effective GD&T has on improving product development cycles and customer/supplier relationships. It helps to establish a core foundational understanding of the scope of GD&T applicability to all departments/divisions within the company.

Course Topics:

  • Current Global Industrial Problems
    •  Incorrect Perceptions of Linear Tolerancing and Negative Impact to Product Development Cycles
    • Incorrect Perceptions of Technical Competencies of Mechanical Engineers and Engineers of other Disciplines
    • Negative Implications to Measurement Capability (GR&R) & Statistical Process Capability (Cpk)
    • Negative Implications to Supply Chain Management and Lead-Time to Market
  • Ongoing Technical & Business Challenges
    • Business Implications to Product Technology Roadmap
    • Miniaturization and Tolerance Truncation of Components & Features
    • Historical Changes in ASME Standards & Implications of ISO Standards
    • Business Implications of GD&T from a Product Reliability Perspective
  • Targeted Industrial Solutions
    • Business Value of Standardization & Harmonization of Engineering Practices
    • Technology Training Roadmap by Functional Business Area
  • Technical & Business Benefits
    • Global Simplification of Dimensioning & Tolerancing Practices
    • Positive Implications of GD&T from a Tolerancing Model Perspective
    • Cost Reductions from Suppliers Influenced by Precision GD&T
    • Internal Cost Reductions Influenced by Increase in Design Specification Tolerances